Energy Levels:
An atom consist of positively charged nucleus which contains almost all it's mass. Surrounding this nucleus are negatively charged electrons moving about in closed orbit. While in states corresponding to these discrete energies, electrons do not emit radiation and are said to be in stationary or non-radiating state. A stationary state is determined by the condition that the angular momentum of the electron in this state is quantized and must be an integral multiple of h/2π,
Where,
m= mass of electrons, Kg
v= speed of electron in its circular path, m/s
r= radius of orbit, m
h= planck's constant
n= integer
If n= 1,2,3,.................
We get stable orbits with radius r1,r2,r3,................
For n-1, we get an orbit closest to the nucleus and possessing minimum energy. This lowest energy level is the innermost or K shell of the atom and can accommodate only 2 electrons.
The next higher energy level, known as L shell, can accommodate 8 electrons and so on.
The Outer orbit is generally not completely filled and the electrons in this orbit are known as Valence electrons.
In a transistor from one stationary state (corresponding to energy W2) to another stationary state (corresponding to energy W1) radiation is emitted.
The frequency of the radiant energy is__
An atom consist of positively charged nucleus which contains almost all it's mass. Surrounding this nucleus are negatively charged electrons moving about in closed orbit. While in states corresponding to these discrete energies, electrons do not emit radiation and are said to be in stationary or non-radiating state. A stationary state is determined by the condition that the angular momentum of the electron in this state is quantized and must be an integral multiple of h/2π,
m= mass of electrons, Kg
v= speed of electron in its circular path, m/s
r= radius of orbit, m
h= planck's constant
n= integer
If n= 1,2,3,.................
We get stable orbits with radius r1,r2,r3,................
For n-1, we get an orbit closest to the nucleus and possessing minimum energy. This lowest energy level is the innermost or K shell of the atom and can accommodate only 2 electrons.
The next higher energy level, known as L shell, can accommodate 8 electrons and so on.
The Outer orbit is generally not completely filled and the electrons in this orbit are known as Valence electrons.
In a transistor from one stationary state (corresponding to energy W2) to another stationary state (corresponding to energy W1) radiation is emitted.
The frequency of the radiant energy is__
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