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Sunday, May 7, 2017

Bank Vault Security System with Password Protection (1st Part)

Background:
The main factor in bank vault is considered on the security system but most of the times it is based on human supportive surveillance system. But we know, that is not full proof & enough to give instant protection. My main purpose in this project is to give instant protection against any break-in & send alarm signal to the law enforcement team.
Introduction:

It has 3 step protection systems. The full system consists of a motherboard which contains the micro controller, keypad interface, display interface, motor controller interface & H-bridge circuitry with some input interface from the sensors. PIR (Passive Infra-Red) sensors are used for thermal movement detection & LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensors are used to detect unauthorized door movement. Each PIR can cover 10m-45m at an angle of ±15 degrees.





Materials:

This project is entirely based on the micro controller to ensure unbreakable system. The micro controller is code protected so that no one except the vendor / owner can override the system by changing password or anything else. I have used 2 micro controllers, one is ATmega328 & another is PIC16F84A, the first one was used to interface the keypad & a 16x2 LCD display & get input from the PIR & LDR sensors, the second one was used to drive the H-bridge for the operation of the automatic vault door.



Arduino Uno:

It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board consisting an ATmega328 micro controller, and a development environment for writing software for the board. Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino projects can be stand- alone, or they can be communicating with software running on your computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP.) 

Here is a picture of Arduino Uno:



Keypad (4x4 Matrix):

The keypad consists of 16 keys 0-9,*, # & A to D , it has 4 column line & 4 row lines , that is why it is called 4x4 matrix keypad. The keypad was connected to insert the password in the micro controller by the user to open the vault door. 

Here is an example of a 4x4 matrix keypad:




Display (16x2 LCD):
I’ve used a LCD display to show the instructions & indications to the user. It is a 2 line 16 Character

Display driven by the ATmega328 micro controller. 

The example picture of the LCD panel is given here:



Connection Diagram of the LCD Panel:
The LCD is connected to the I/O pins of the Atmega328 micro controller. It gets data input by its data pins (D4 to D7) & the data is shown on the display. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and it has a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being LCDs are economical; easily programmable, have no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on.


A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data. The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD. 

Here is an example of simple connection scheme of a LCD display.




Pin Function of the LCD Module:


Sensors (PIR & LDR):
PIR:  A Passive Infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. PIR sensors are often used in the construction of PIR- based motion detectors. Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature, such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another temperature, such as a wall. This is not to say that the sensor detects the heat from the object passing in front of it but that the object breaks the field which the sensor has determined as the "normal" state. Any object, even one exactly the same temperature as the surrounding objects will cause the PIR to activate if it moves in the field of the sensors.


All objects above absolute zero emit energy in the form of radiation. Usually infrared radiation is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by electronic devices designed for such a purpose. The term passive in this instance means that the PIR device does not emit an infrared beam but merely passively accepts incoming infrared radiation. “Infra” meaning below our ability to detect it visually, and “Red” because this color represents the lowest energy level that our eyes can sense before it becomes invisible. Thus, infrared means below the energy level of the color red, and applies to many sources of invisible energy.


PIR Sensor
PIR with Fresnel lens




PIR Module Circuitry





LDR: A photo-resistor or light dependent resistor is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photo-conductivity.

A photo-resistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance.

A photoelectric device can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. An intrinsic semiconductor has its own charge carriers and is not an efficient semiconductor, e.g. silicon. In intrinsic devices the only available electrons are in the valence band, and hence the photon must have enough energy to excite the electron across the entire band gap. Extrinsic devices have impurities, also called dopants, added whose ground state energy is closer to the conduction band; since the electrons do not have as far to jump, lower energy photons (i.e., longer wavelengths and lower frequencies) are sufficient to trigger the device. If a sample of silicon has some of its atoms replaced by phosphorus atoms (impurities), there will be extra electrons available for conduction. This is an example of an extrinsic semiconductor. Photo-resistors are basically photocells.






TO Learn more about This Project, Please Visit Below Link 




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