Background:
The
main factor in bank vault is considered on the security system but most of the
times it is based on human supportive surveillance system. But we know, that is
not full proof & enough to give instant protection. My main purpose in this
project is to give instant protection against any break-in & send alarm
signal to the law enforcement team.
Introduction:
It
has 3 step protection systems. The full system consists of a motherboard which
contains the micro controller, keypad interface, display interface, motor
controller interface & H-bridge circuitry with some input interface from
the sensors. PIR (Passive Infra-Red) sensors are used for thermal movement
detection & LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensors are used to detect
unauthorized door movement. Each PIR can cover 10m-45m at an angle of ±15
degrees.
Materials:
This
project is entirely based on the micro controller to ensure unbreakable system.
The micro controller is code protected so that no one except the vendor / owner
can override the system by changing password or anything else. I have used 2
micro controllers, one is ATmega328 & another is PIC16F84A, the first one
was used to interface the keypad & a 16x2 LCD display & get input from
the PIR & LDR sensors, the second one was used to drive the H-bridge for
the operation of the automatic vault door.
Arduino Uno:
It's
an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller
board consisting an ATmega328 micro controller, and a development environment
for writing software for the board. Arduino can be used to develop interactive
objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a
variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino projects can be
stand- alone, or they can be communicating with software running on your
computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP.)
Here is a picture of Arduino Uno:
Keypad (4x4
Matrix):
The
keypad consists of 16 keys 0-9,*, # & A to D , it has 4 column line & 4
row lines , that is why it is called 4x4 matrix keypad. The keypad was
connected to insert the password in the micro controller by the user to open
the vault door.
Here is an example of a 4x4 matrix keypad:
Display (16x2
LCD):
I’ve
used a LCD display to show the instructions & indications to the user. It
is a 2 line 16 Character
Display
driven by the ATmega328 micro controller.
The example picture of the LCD panel
is given here:
Connection
Diagram of the LCD Panel:
The
LCD is connected to the I/O pins of the Atmega328 micro controller. It gets
data input by its data pins (D4 to D7) & the data is shown on the display.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and it has
a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is
very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred
over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being LCDs are
economical; easily programmable, have no limitation of displaying special &
even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on.
A
16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such
lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD
has two registers, namely, Command and Data. The command register stores the
command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD
to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the
cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to
be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be
displayed on the LCD.
Here is an example of simple connection scheme of a LCD
display.
Pin Function of
the LCD Module:
Sensors (PIR
& LDR):
PIR:
A Passive Infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device that
measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. PIR
sensors are often used in the construction of PIR- based motion detectors.
Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature, such
as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another temperature,
such as a wall. This is not to say that the sensor detects the heat from the
object passing in front of it but that the object breaks the field which the
sensor has determined as the "normal" state. Any object, even one
exactly the same temperature as the surrounding objects will cause the PIR to
activate if it moves in the field of the sensors.
All
objects above absolute zero emit energy in the form of radiation. Usually
infrared radiation is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by
electronic devices designed for such a purpose. The term passive in this
instance means that the PIR device does not emit an infrared beam but merely
passively accepts incoming infrared radiation. “Infra” meaning below our
ability to detect it visually, and “Red” because this color represents the
lowest energy level that our eyes can sense before it becomes invisible. Thus,
infrared means below the energy level of the color red, and applies to many
sources of invisible energy.
PIR Sensor
PIR with Fresnel lens
PIR Module Circuitry
LDR: A photo-resistor or light
dependent resistor is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing
incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photo-conductivity.
A
photo-resistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. If light falling on
the device is of high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor
give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The
resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity, thereby
lowering resistance.
A photoelectric
device can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. An intrinsic semiconductor has its
own charge carriers and is not an efficient semiconductor, e.g. silicon. In
intrinsic devices the only available electrons are in the valence band, and
hence the photon must have enough energy to excite the electron across the
entire band gap. Extrinsic devices have impurities, also called dopants, added
whose ground state energy is closer to the conduction band; since the electrons
do not have as far to jump, lower energy photons (i.e., longer wavelengths and
lower frequencies) are sufficient to trigger the device. If a sample of silicon
has some of its atoms replaced by phosphorus atoms (impurities), there will be
extra electrons available for conduction. This is an example of an extrinsic
semiconductor. Photo-resistors are basically photocells.
TO Learn more about This Project, Please Visit Below Link
0 on: "Bank Vault Security System with Password Protection (1st Part)"